High-Voltage DC Surge Protectors for Solar Photovoltaic Installations

M'malo osinthika mwachangu amphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, ma solar photovoltaic system amayimira malire ofunikira amagetsi okhazikika, omwe amafuna njira zotetezera zamagetsi.DC chitetezo chitetezoamawonekera ngati oteteza ofunikira pakuyika zida zamakono zoyendera dzuwa, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chokwanira kuzovuta zamagetsi zomwe zitha kuwononga komanso kusokonezeka kwamagetsi. Zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka kuti zikhale ndi ma DC okhala ndi ma voliyumu apamwamba kwambiri pamakina a solar PV, zida zapaderazi zodzitchinjiriza (SPDs) zimateteza zida zowoneka bwino za sola, ma inverter, makina owunikira, ndi zomangamanga zofunikira zamagetsi kuti zisasokonezedwe ndi magetsi. Amagwira ntchito bwino pamagawo omwe amafunikira mphamvu yamagetsi ngati 1000V DC, oteteza maopaleshoni apamwambawa amagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje otsogola kuti azindikire, kutseka, ndikupatutsa mphamvu zamagetsi zowononga mkati mwa ma microseconds. Poletsa ma spikes obwera chifukwa cha kugunda kwa mphezi, kusintha kwa gridi, ndi kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma, oteteza ma surge a DC amawonetsetsa kuti moyo wautali, wodalirika, komanso magwiridwe antchito oyenera amagetsi adzuwa. Mapangidwe awo apamwamba amaphatikiza njira zingapo zodzitetezera, kuthekera kwamphamvu kwamayamwidwe amphamvu, ndi zomangamanga zolimba zomwe zimatha kupirira zovuta zachilengedwe. Pamene mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa zikuchulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi, oteteza maopaleshoniwa akuyimira yankho laukadaulo lofunikira kwambiri, kutsekereza kusiyana pakati pa zomangamanga zongowonjezwdwanso ndi njira zotetezedwa zamagetsi.

High Voltage Range Kugwirizana

Ma DC oteteza ma surge amagetsi a solar PV amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito modutsa ma voltages ambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito kuyambira 600V mpaka 1500V DC. Kugwirizana kwakukulu kumeneku kumateteza chitetezo chokwanira pamakonzedwe osiyanasiyana a solar, kuyambira kuyika nyumba zazing'ono mpaka mafamu akuluakulu oyendera dzuwa. Kuthekera kwa chipangizochi kuyang'anira zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi kumalola kusakanikirana kosasunthika pamapangidwe osiyanasiyana amagetsi oyendera dzuwa, ndikupereka njira zodzitchinjiriza zosinthika zomwe zimatha kutengera kusinthika kwaukadaulo wamagetsi adzuwa ndi kuyika kwake.

Surge Current Withstand Capacity

Zodzitchinjiriza zapamwamba za solar DC zidapangidwa kuti zizilimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa maopaleshoni apano, kuyambira 20kA mpaka 40kA pamtengo. Kuthamanga kochititsa chidwi kumeneku kumateteza chitetezo champhamvu ku kusokonezeka kwa magetsi, kuphatikizapo kugunda kwachindunji ndi kosalunjika. Kutha kupirira kwamakono kumatheka kudzera m'zigawo zotsogola zamkati monga ma specialized metal oxide varistors (MOVs), njira zotsogola zotsogola bwino, ndi makina apamwamba owongolera matenthedwe. Poyendetsa bwino mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, oteteza maopaleshoniwa amapewa kuwonongeka kwa zida zowopsa ndikusunga kukhulupirika kwamagetsi a solar PV.

Zosankha Zambiri Zosinthira Pole

Zoteteza za Solar DC zimapezeka mumapangidwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza 2-pole, 3-pole, ndi 4-pole mapangidwe. Kusinthasintha uku kumathandizira kufananitsa bwino ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana amtundu wa dzuwa ndi zofunikira zamagetsi zamagetsi. Masanjidwe amitengo iwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo osavuta a DC, pomwe mapangidwe a 3-pole ndi 4-pole amapereka chitetezo chokwanira pamayimidwe ovuta a solar. Zosankha zingapo zamitengo zimawonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha maopaleshoni chikhoza kukhala chogwirizana ndi mapangidwe enaake, kuteteza ma conductor abwino ndi oyipa, komanso maulumikizidwe apansi.

Nthawi Yoyankha Mwachangu

Oteteza apaderawa amakhala ndi nthawi zoyankha mwachangu, nthawi zambiri zosakwana 25 nanoseconds. Kuyankha kofulumira kotereku kumatsimikizira kuti zida za solar zimatetezedwa ku ma spikes owononga mphamvu zisanawonongeke. Makina oteteza mwachangu mphezi amagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba a semiconductor monga machubu otulutsa mpweya ndi ma oxide oxide varistors kuti azindikire nthawi yomweyo ndikuwongolera mphamvu zowonjezera zamagetsi. Kulowererapo kwa microsecond-level kumalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa ma inverter okwera mtengo a solar, zida zowunikira, ndi zida zingapo.

Kukhalitsa Kwachilengedwe

Zoteteza za Solar DCamapangidwa kuti athe kupirira mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri ya chilengedwe, yomwe nthawi zambiri imavotera kutentha kwapakati pa -40?C mpaka +85?C. Mipanda yolimba imateteza zinthu zamkati ku fumbi, chinyezi, kuwala kwa UV, komanso kupsinjika kwamakina. Zovala zapadera zodzitchinjiriza ndi zida zapamwamba za polima zimalimbitsa kulimba, kupangitsa kuti zidazi zikhale zoyenera kukumana ndi zovuta zoyikapo dzuwa. Mavoti apamwamba a ingress protection (IP) amawonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito azigwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakuyika m'chipululu kupita kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mapiri.

Certification ndi Kutsata

Oteteza ochita opaleshoni a solar DC amayesedwa mozama komanso njira zotsimikizira, kutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi monga:
IEC 61643 (Miyezo ya International Electrotechnical Commission)
TS EN 50539-11 Miyezo yaku Europe yachitetezo cha PV
- UL 1449 (Miyezo yachitetezo cha Underwriters Laboratories)
- Chitsimikizo cha CE ndi TUV
Zitsimikizo zatsatanetsatane izi zimatsimikizira momwe chipangizocho chimagwirira ntchito, kudalirika, ndi mawonekedwe achitetezo, kuwonetsetsa kuti akukwaniritsa zofunikira zamakampani pazogwiritsa ntchito solar photovoltaic.

Chizindikiro cha Mawonekedwe

Oteteza amakono a solar DC amaphatikiza matekinoloje owunikira omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Zowonetsera za LED zimapereka chidziwitso chanthawi yeniyeni chokhudza momwe magwiridwe antchito, njira zolepherera, komanso chitetezo chotsalira. Mitundu ina yaukadaulo imapereka kuwunika kwakutali kudzera pamawonekedwe a digito, zomwe zimathandizira kuwunika kosalekeza kwa magwiridwe antchito achitetezo. Zowunikirazi zimathandizira kukonza mwachangu ndikuthandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike kusanachitike zovuta zazikulu.

Mphamvu Mayamwidwe Mphamvu

Zoteteza ma Surge pamakina a solar PV adapangidwa ndi mphamvu zoyamwitsa mphamvu, kuyeza ma injoules. Kutengera mitundu ina, zida izi zimatha kuyamwa mphamvu zoyambira 500 mpaka 10,000 joules. Ma joule apamwamba amawonetsa kuthekera kokulirapo kwa chitetezo, kulola chipangizocho kupirira zochitika zambiri za maopaleshoni popanda kusokoneza chitetezo chake. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu imaphatikizapo zipangizo zapadera zomwe zimataya mphamvu zamagetsi mwamsanga monga kutentha, kuteteza mphamvu zowononga kuti zisafalikire kudzera mumagetsi a dzuwa.

Modular ndi Compact Design

Zoteteza za Solar DC zidapangidwa mwaluso komanso kusinthasintha kwa kukhazikitsa m'malingaliro. Mawonekedwe awo ophatikizika amalola kuphatikizika kosasinthika mu mapanelo amagetsi a solar system ndi matabwa ogawa. Mapangidwe a modular amathandizira kukhazikitsa kosavuta, kusinthidwa mwachangu, ndi kukweza kwamakina ndi kulowererapo kochepa kwaukadaulo. Mitundu yambiri imathandizira kuyika njanji ya DIN yokhazikika ndikupereka njira zolumikizirana zosunthika, kuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwirizana ndi mamangidwe osiyanasiyana adzuwa. Mapangidwe a compact amachepetsanso mawonekedwe amtundu wonse, chofunikira kwambiri pakuyika kwadzuwa komwe kumayenderana ndi malo. Njira zopangira zida zapamwamba zimalola zidazi kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ngakhale zikucheperachepera kukula kwake, kuphatikiza matekinoloje apamwamba achitetezo mkati mwazotchinga zochepa.

Kuwongolera kwamafuta ndi Kudalirika

Zoteteza zotsogola za solar DC zimaphatikizira machitidwe apamwamba owongolera matenthedwe omwe amaonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito azigwira bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zipangizozi zimagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apadera oziziritsira kutentha, kuphatikiza masinki otenthetsera opangidwa bwino kwambiri, zida zoyendetsera ma thermally, komanso mabwalo anzeru owunikira matenthedwe. Njira zoyendetsera kutentha zimalepheretsa kukwera kwa kutentha kwamkati panthawi ya opaleshoni, kusunga kukhulupirika kwa chipangizo ndikutalikitsa moyo wogwira ntchito. Zina zotsogola zimaphatikizira zolumikizira zodziwikiratu zomwe zimayamba kutentha kwamkati kukadutsa malire otetezedwa, zomwe zimapatsa chitetezo chowonjezera ku zolephera zomwe zingayambike chifukwa cha kutentha. Njira yathunthu yotenthetsera iyi imawonetsetsa kuti oteteza matenthedwe amatha kugwira ntchito bwino pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha yomwe imakumana ndi ma solar, kuchokera kumadera akuchipululu mpaka kumapiri ozizira.

Mapeto

DC chitetezo chitetezokuyimira njira yofunika kwambiri yaukadaulo poteteza zida za solar photovoltaic motsutsana ndi kusatsimikizika kwamagetsi. Mwa kuphatikiza matekinoloje apamwamba a semiconductor, uinjiniya wolondola, ndi njira zodzitetezera, zida izi zimatsimikizira kudalirika komanso moyo wautali wamagetsi ongowonjezwdwanso. Pamene mphamvu ya dzuwa ikupitiriza kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga magetsi padziko lonse lapansi, chitetezo champhamvu cha surge chimakhala chofunika kwambiri. Kuyika ndalama pachitetezo chapamwamba cha solar DC sikungoganizira zaukadaulo koma ndi njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo ntchito, kupewa kulephera kwa zida zotsika mtengo, komanso kuthandizira kusintha kwamagetsi kosasunthika kudutsa nyumba zokhalamo, zamalonda, komanso zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi.